| Course | HLTH 2110 Behavioral and Cultural Issues in Healthcare |
|---|---|
| Week | Week 7 |
| Paper type | Community profile |
| Length | About 1,110 words, 7 pages |
| Format | APA 7 student paper |
| School | Walden University |
| Program | BS in Public Health |
| Updated | October 2026 |
Free sample paper for HLTH 2110 Week 7
The Lumbee Community in Robeson County, North Carolina: A Profile Built From Census Tables, County Health Estimates and the Tribe's Own Words, With Every Characterization Attributed
Student Name
Walden University
HLTH 2110: Behavioral and Cultural Issues in Healthcare
Instructor Name
Month Day, Year
The Lumbee Community in Robeson County, North Carolina: A Profile Built From Census Tables, County Health Estimates and the Tribe's Own Words, With Every Characterization Attributed
Scope and Sources
This profile describes the Lumbee community of Robeson County, North Carolina, for readers planning health services in the county. It draws on three kinds of source and attributes every characterization to one of them: American Community Survey tables released by the Census Bureau, county health estimates published through CDC's PLACES project and the published materials of the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. Where a source describes the whole county rather than the Lumbee community, the profile says so. Where no source supports a characterization, the profile does not make it.
How the Tribe Describes Itself
The Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina's website describes the Lumbee as "the People of the Dark Water" and locates the tribal territory in four southeastern North Carolina counties: Robeson, Hoke, Cumberland and Scotland (Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, n.d.-a). The tribe states that the Lumbee people "are known for their entrepreneurial spirit and their focus on education." This is the tribe's own characterization, and the profile reports it as such.
The tribe's history page records that North Carolina recognized the tribe as Indian in 1885, that the tribe has sought full federal recognition since 1888 and that the Lumbee Act passed by Congress in 1956 recognized the tribe as Indian while withholding the full benefits of federal recognition (Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, n.d.-b). The page states that efforts are underway to pass legislation granting full recognition. For health planning, this history has a practical consequence the profile can state without interpretation: the tribe's own account is that it has not had the full set of federal benefits that recognized tribes receive, which include eligibility for Indian Health Service programs.
The tribe's website lists services it provides to citizens, including emergency rental assistance, housing services, energy assistance, transitional housing, youth services, vocational rehabilitation and veteran services (Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, n.d.-a). A health planner should treat the tribe as a provider of services in its own right, not only as a population to be served.
Population
According to the 2024 American Community Survey, Robeson County had about 118,600 residents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2025). Of these, 37.0% identified as American Indian and Alaska Native alone and not Hispanic, 23.5% as Black alone and not Hispanic, 22.5% as white alone and not Hispanic and 11.8% as Hispanic or Latino of any race. Statewide, 0.8% of North Carolinians identified as American Indian and Alaska Native alone and not Hispanic.
Two cautions apply. First, the census category American Indian and Alaska Native alone includes people of any tribe and excludes people who reported more than one race; it is not a count of Lumbee citizens. Second, the Lumbee community extends beyond Robeson County into three neighboring counties, so a county profile describes only part of it.
Table 1
Robeson County and North Carolina, Selected Characteristics, 2024
| Characteristic | Robeson County | North Carolina | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 118,624 | 11,046,024 | ACS 2024, Table B03002 | |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone, not Hispanic | 37.0% | 0.8% | ACS 2024, Table B03002 | |
| Black alone, not Hispanic | 23.5% | 19.5% | ACS 2024, Table B03002 | |
| White alone, not Hispanic | 22.5% | 59.0% | ACS 2024, Table B03002 | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 11.8% | 12.0% | ACS 2024, Table B03002 | |
| Residents below the poverty level | 23.6% | 12.5% | ACS 2024, Table B17001 | |
| Median household income | $45,740 | $73,958 | ACS 2024, Table B19013 | |
The race categories are those used in federal data and record self-identification; they are not the same as tribal citizenship.
Income and Poverty
Among Robeson County residents who identified as American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 20.6% had incomes below the poverty level in 2024, and the median household income was about $43,700 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2025). For comparison within the county, the poverty rate was 15.0% among white residents and 33.9% among Black residents, with median household incomes of about $55,400 and $32,900. These county estimates carry margins of error; for American Indian households, the median income estimate was plus or minus about $5,400. The figures place Robeson County's American Indian residents above the county's Black residents and below its white residents on both measures, and all three groups below the state median household income.
Health Estimates for the County
PLACES, a CDC project, uses national survey responses and statistical models to estimate health measures county by county. For Robeson County in 2023, PLACES estimated that 45.6% of adults had high blood pressure, 47.9% had obesity, 18.4% had diagnosed diabetes and 22.5% smoked cigarettes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2025). It also estimated that 30.3% of adults had experienced food insecurity in the past year and 17.0% had lacked reliable transportation.
These estimates describe all adults in the county, not the Lumbee community. PLACES does not publish county estimates by race. A profile that attributed these figures to the Lumbee specifically would be making a characterization no source supports. What the figures do support is a description of the county in which most Lumbee people in this profile live: one where high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes are common among adults and where many adults report food insecurity and transportation problems.
Health Care Access
PLACES estimated that 16.2% of Robeson County adults aged 18 to 64 had no health insurance in 2023, and that 81.3% of adults had seen a doctor for a routine checkup in the past year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2025). Again, these are county figures for all residents. The tribe's account of its limited federal recognition suggests that tribal citizens may not have access to the Indian Health Service programs available to members of fully recognized tribes, but the profile has no source that measures how this affects use of care.
What the Sources Do Not Show
This profile cannot say what Lumbee residents believe about health, how they prefer to receive care or what health problems they consider most important. None of the sources consulted addresses those questions, and supplying answers from general assumptions about American Indian communities would flatten a specific community into a stereotype. A planner who needs that information would have to ask the community, starting with the tribe's own offices.
Conclusion
The sources support a profile of a large American Indian community, self-described as entrepreneurial and focused on education, living in a county with high poverty, low incomes and high rates of chronic disease risk factors among adults generally. The tribe's own history records a long effort to gain full federal recognition. The profile's discipline consists as much in what it declines to say as in what it reports.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). PLACES: Local data for better health, county data 2025 release [Data set]. https://data.cdc.gov/resource/swc5-untb
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. (n.d.-a). Welcome to the Lumbee Tribe of N.C. Retrieved October 7, 2026, from https://www.lumbeetribe.com/
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. (n.d.-b). History and culture. Retrieved October 7, 2026, from https://www.lumbeetribe.com/history-culture
U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2024: Tables B03002, B17001, B17001A-C and B19013A-C, Robeson County and North Carolina [Data set]. https://data.census.gov/
Reading the HLTH 2110 Week 7 instructions
A community profile asks you to describe a community accurately without flattening it. Choose a defined community and place. Use three kinds of source: census tables, county or state health reporting and documents the community's own organizations publish. Attribute every characterization to its source. When data describe a larger area or group than the community, say so. Let the community describe itself in its own words where possible. Include a section on what your sources cannot tell you, and do not fill that gap with general assumptions. A table of key figures with sources helps readers check your work. Keep the community's own words in quotation marks so readers can tell them apart from your summary.
How the HLTH 2110 Week 7 example is put together
The profile opens by stating its scope and sources. A section reports how the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina describes itself, its territory, its history and its services, quoting its website. A population section uses 2024 census figures, with Table 1 comparing the county and state and cautions about census categories. Sections follow on income and poverty by race within the county, county health estimates from PLACES with a caution that they are not Lumbee-specific and access to care. A section lists what the sources do not show. The conclusion restates the profile's discipline. Every sentence that characterizes the community carries its source in the same sentence.
Where the marks sit in the HLTH 2110 Week 7 rubric
Faculty grade a community profile on sourcing and restraint. Every characterization should carry its source, and those from the community's own organizations are especially valued. Noting when data describe a different population than the community shows careful thinking. A table with sources earns credit. The profile should avoid generalizations that no source supports. A section on gaps in the evidence is often the strongest signal of discipline. Accurate reporting of census and health figures is checked. Profiles that describe a community's beliefs or culture without a source, or that treat county data as community data, earn less. Faculty also reward profiles that make clear which characterizations come from the community itself.
Common HLTH 2110 Week 7 mistakes, and how to avoid them
Pick a community you can find data for, and start with its own organizations' websites and publications. Then pull census tables for the place, and look for county health data. Write each sentence with its source in mind; if you cannot name one, cut the sentence. Watch for figures that describe a whole county when your community is only part of it. Leave room to say what you do not know. We can help you build a profile from public sources. Read your draft and check that every descriptive sentence could be traced to a named source. Census race categories and tribal or community membership are not the same thing, so say which one each figure reflects.
Get a HLTH 2110 Week 7 example written to your instructions
A geography, a prompt and a rubric are what the desk needs; a sourced profile follows in 24-48 hours, with no charge the first time. Figures arrive with their table names and release years, statements about priorities are quoted from local organizations, and nothing about the area is asserted on this desk's authority.
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HLTH 2110 Week 7 questions, answered
Where can I find a free HLTH 2110 Week 7 sample paper?
The profile of the Lumbee community in Robeson County, North Carolina, with its data table and sources, is free to read here.
What sources does the HLTH 2110 Week 7 example use?
American Community Survey tables, CDC PLACES county estimates and the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina's website.
How does the profile handle county health data?
It reports PLACES estimates for all county adults and states that they are not specific to the Lumbee community.
What does the tribe's website say about recognition?
That the 1956 Lumbee Act recognized the tribe as Indian but withheld full federal benefits, and that efforts for full recognition continue.
What does the profile decline to say?
What Lumbee residents believe about health or how they prefer care, because no source consulted addresses those questions.