| Course | INHE 4001 Evidenced-Based Practices in Integrative and Holistic Healthcare |
|---|---|
| Week | Week 4 |
| Paper type | Evidence table |
| Length | About 570 words, 5 pages |
| Format | APA 7 student paper |
| School | Walden University |
| Program | BS in Integrative Health |
| Updated | October 2026 |
Free sample paper for INHE 4001 Week 4
Seven Sources, Ranked Before Summarized: An Evidence Table on Yoga for Chronic Low Back Pain Showing Design, Quality and What Each Source Actually Measured
Student Name
Walden University
INHE 4001: Evidence-Based Practices in Integrative and Holistic Healthcare
Instructor Name
Month Day, Year
Seven Sources, Ranked Before Summarized: An Evidence Table on Yoga for Chronic Low Back Pain Showing Design, Quality and What Each Source Actually Measured
How the Table Is Built
Seven sources from last week's search are entered in the same fields: design, participants, comparison, what was measured, the main finding and a quality rating. They are ordered by the weight their design can carry for a question about effects, with a clinical guideline and a systematic review first and single trials after. Quality is rated high, moderate or low using each source's own risk of bias and certainty statements where available. Every source belongs in the table; the ordering shows that their weight is unequal.
The Table
Table 1
Seven sources on yoga for chronic low back pain, ordered by design weight
| Rank | Source | Design and participants | Comparison | Measured | Main finding | Quality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qaseem et al. (2017) | Clinical guideline from systematic reviews | Many nondrug options | Pain, function | Yoga among first options for chronic pain, on low-quality evidence | High process, low underlying evidence | |
| 2 | Wieland et al. (2017) | Cochrane review, 12 trials, 1,080 adults | Non-exercise and exercise controls | Function, pain, adverse events | Small to moderate function gains versus non-exercise; little or no difference versus exercise | Low to moderate certainty | |
| 3 | Saper et al. (2017) | Randomized trial, 320 adults | Physical therapy; education | Function, pain | Yoga noninferior to physical therapy; not superior to education | Moderate | |
| 4 | Tilbrook et al. (2011) | Randomized trial, 313 adults, United Kingdom | Usual care | Function | Better function at 3, 6 and 12 months; pain similar | Moderate | |
| 5 | Sherman et al. (2011) | Randomized trial, 228 adults | Stretching; self-care book | Function, symptoms | Better than book; not better than stretching | Moderate | |
| 6 | Groessl et al. (2017) | Randomized trial, 150 veterans | Delayed yoga | Function, pain | No function difference at 12 weeks; better at 6 months | Moderate | |
| 7 | Sherman et al. (2005) | Randomized trial, 101 adults | Exercise class; self-care book | Function, symptoms | Function better than both at 12 weeks | Low to moderate | |
Quality reflects lack of blinding, which affects every yoga trial because participants know their assignment, plus sample size and reporting.
The guideline and the review sit at the top because they combine many studies; the trials follow, roughly by size. None of the trials could blind participants, which the Cochrane review identified as a reason to downgrade all outcomes (Wieland et al., 2017).
What the Ranking Shows
Read in order, the table tells a consistent story with one wrinkle. Against doing nothing extra or reading a book, yoga improves function modestly (Sherman et al., 2011; Tilbrook et al., 2011). Against other active treatments, physical therapy or stretching, yoga does about as well but not better (Saper et al., 2017; Sherman et al., 2011). The wrinkle is the smallest and oldest trial, which found yoga better than an exercise class (Sherman et al., 2005); it is outweighed by larger, later work and by the review's pooled result.
What the Sources Measured, and Did Not
All seven measured back-related function or pain over weeks to months. Only the review reported adverse events systematically, finding a small increase in back pain episodes with yoga compared with non-exercise controls. None measured outcomes in a community wellness center like ours, and only one focused on veterans (Groessl et al., 2017). The guideline's recommendation rests on the same small trials, which is why its process is rated high and its evidence low (Qaseem et al., 2017).
References
Groessl, E. J., Liu, L., Chang, D. G., Wetherell, J. L., Bormann, J. E., Atkinson, J. H., Baxi, S., & Schmalzl, L. (2017). Yoga for military veterans with chronic low back pain: A randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(5), 599-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.05.019
Qaseem, A., Wilt, T. J., McLean, R. M., & Forciea, M. A. (2017). Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 166(7), 514-530. https://doi.org/10.7326/M16-2367
Saper, R. B., Lemaster, C., Delitto, A., Sherman, K. J., Herman, P. M., Sadikova, E., Stevans, J., Keosaian, J. E., Cerrada, C. J., Femia, A. L., Roseen, E. J., Gardiner, P., Gergen Barnett, K., Faulkner, C., & Weinberg, J. (2017). Yoga, physical therapy, or education for chronic low back pain: A randomized noninferiority trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167(2), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.7326/M16-2579
Sherman, K. J., Cherkin, D. C., Erro, J., Miglioretti, D. L., & Deyo, R. A. (2005). Comparing yoga, exercise, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain: A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 143(12), 849-856. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-12-200512200-00003
Sherman, K. J., Cherkin, D. C., Wellman, R. D., Cook, A. J., Hawkes, R. J., Delaney, K., & Deyo, R. A. (2011). A randomized trial comparing yoga, stretching, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain. Archives of Internal Medicine, 171(22), 2019-2026. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.524
Tilbrook, H. E., Cox, H., Hewitt, C. E., Kang'ombe, A. R., Chuang, L.-H., Jayakody, S., Aplin, J. D., Semlyen, A., Trewhela, A., Watt, I., & Torgerson, D. J. (2011). Yoga for chronic low back pain: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(9), 569-578. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-9-201111010-00003
Wieland, L. S., Skoetz, N., Pilkington, K., Vempati, R., D'Adamo, C. R., & Berman, B. M. (2017). Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(1), Article CD010671. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010671.pub2
INHE 4001 Week 4 instructions, in plain terms
Evidence table assignments ask students to organize the sources found in their search into a structured table, usually with design, sample, intervention, comparison, outcomes, results and quality. Prompts often ask students to rank or grade the sources and to summarize what the table shows. Instructors look for consistent fields, accurate extraction and a ranking that reflects design and quality rather than how convenient a result is. Tables that list sources in the order found, give equal weight to every source or omit the comparison used tend to receive less credit than ranked, consistently extracted tables. Some prompts ask students to include a column for funding or conflicts of interest.
How this INHE 4001 Week 4 example is built
A short section explains the ordering rule and the quality scale. The table lists seven sources with rank, design and size, comparison, measures, main finding and quality, with a note on why lack of blinding lowers quality across yoga trials. A paragraph explains why the guideline and review sit at the top. A section reads the table in order and identifies one outlier trial. A final section notes what the sources measured and did not, including adverse events, settings and the guideline's reliance on the same small trials. Sources are cited by author and year in the table so the prose can refer back to them. Quality labels use the review's own certainty language wherever possible. Seven rows, one per source, keep the comparison even.
INHE 4001 Week 4 rubric: what earns full marks
Instructors generally reward a ranking grounded in design and quality, and stating the rule before the table secures that share. Consistent fields across all seven sources earn substantial credit. Identifying the outlier and explaining why it is outweighed shows judgment. Noting what the sources did not measure prepares for the gap analysis. Distinguishing a guideline's rigorous process from the low quality of its underlying evidence tends to mark the best tables. Accurate citations for all seven sources complete the work. Using the review's own certainty language for quality ratings keeps the table consistent with its strongest source. Placing the outlier in context, rather than ignoring it, shows honest reading.
INHE 4001 Week 4 help from the desk
Decide your fields and ranking rule before you start. Enter every source in the same fields, using the same terms. Rank by design and quality, not by how much you like the result. Rate quality using each source's own risk-of-bias or certainty statements where possible. After the table, read it in order and look for outliers. Note what none of the sources measured. If ranking sources is unfamiliar, a sample table from your search results can show how. Cite each source by author and year in the table so your prose can point to rows. Explain any source that disagrees with the rest instead of dropping it.
Get a INHE 4001 Week 4 example written to your instructions
Your table may use a different hierarchy or appraisal tool, and the columns follow whichever ones your course specifies. Send the prompt and rubric with your source list; the finished table arrives within 24-48h, first one free. Say whether the table may sit in an appendix or run on wide pages.
More INHE 4001 papers and BS in Integrative Health samples
- INHE 4001 Week 1: Three Sources Post
- INHE 4001 Week 2: Practice Question
- INHE 4001 Week 3: Search Documentation
- INHE 4001 Week 5: Appraisal Summary
- INHE 4001 Week 6: Conflicting Trials Post
- INHE 4001 Week 7: Gap Analysis
- INHE 4001 Week 8: Recommendation Memo
- INHE 4001 Week 9: Implementation Brief
- INHE 4001 Week 10: Decision Case
- INHE 4001 Week 11: Evidence Limits Reflection
- INHE 4009 Week 4: Case Analysis
- INHE 3004 Week 4: Statute Summary
- INHE 3003 Week 4: Search Log
- INHE 1005 Week 4: Field Overview
INHE 4001 Week 4 questions, answered
Where can I find a free INHE 4001 Week 4 sample paper?
The ranked evidence table of seven yoga sources appears on this page.
Which source ranks highest?
The clinical practice guideline, followed by the Cochrane review.
What did the trials compare yoga with?
A self-care book, usual care, stretching, physical therapy, an exercise class and delayed yoga.
Which trial is the outlier?
The smallest and oldest, which found yoga better than an exercise class.
Why is quality lowered across yoga trials?
Participants know their assignment and rate their own outcomes, so blinding is not possible.